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1-14 of 14
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Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion. He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, from a family long associated with that town. Hawthorne entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824, and graduated in 1825. He published his first work in 1828, the novel Fanshawe; he later tried to suppress it, feeling that it was not equal to the standard of his later work. He published several short stories in periodicals, which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The following year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at the Boston Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment as consul took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to Concord in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, and was survived by his wife and their three children. Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral metaphors with an anti-Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his college friend Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States.- Writer
- Music Department
George Sand was born on 1 July 1804 in Paris, France. She was a writer, known for Marianne, Fanchon, the Cricket (1915) and Leoni Leo (1917). She was married to Casimir Dudevant. She died on 8 June 1876 in Nohant, Indre, France.- Music Department
- Composer
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Johann Strauss Sr. was born on March 14, 1804, in Vienna, Austria. His father owned a small inn on the river Danube, and his mother was innkeeper, she died when he was seven years old. Strauss studied music with Johann Polichansky and also was an apprentice of a bookbinder. He joined a string quartet that grew into a small orchestra playing Viennese waltzes and German dances. Strauss became the leader of the orchestra, then he eventually became conductor of another orchestra. In 1825 he formed his own orchestra and began writing waltzes and other dancing music for his band.
In 1825 Strauss Sr. married Maria Ann Streim in the parish church of Liechtenthal in Vienna. They had three sons. Their elder son Johann Strauss became the most famous composer of waltzes and operettas. Their younger sons 'Josef Strauss' and Eduard Strauss deputized for their famous brother Johann Strauss when he was ailing. They continued the legacy of the Strauss Family Dynasty. In 1834 Strauss Sr. took on a mistress, named Emilie Trambusch, with whom he had eight children.
During the 1830's and 1840's Strauss Sr. became one of the most well known dance composers in Vienna. He wrote mostly waltzes, polkas, and marches, and also absorbed influences from his concert tours in other countries, where he picked up tunes of quadrille and gigue. Strauss Sr. toured with his band to France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, England and Scotland. His 1837 trip to France brought him highest international acclaim and proved his popularity with all audiences. Influential critic and composer Hector Berlioz promoted Strauss' popularity, helping his ambitious plan to perform his music in England for the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838. After that Strauss made many more concert tours to England with his orchestra.
In Vienna he established himself at the Sperl-Ballroom as the most popular dancing music composer. He became the first entertainer to start charging a fixed entrance fee to his concerts instead of an old practice of passing around a collection plate. In 1845 his son Johann Strauss debuted at the Dommayer's Casino and immediately became his competitor. Strauss Sr. was jealous about his son's talent and success and refused to play ever again at the Dommayer's Casino. In 1848 Strauss Sr. composed his most famous piece of music titled Radetzky March. It was dedicated to Austrian Field Marshal Radetzky and remained a popular march among the soldiers. The tradition among officers was to start clapping and stomping their feet when the chorus was played. This tradition is carried over today when Radetzky March is played in classical music venues in Vienna.
Strauss Sr. survived a divorce suit which was started by his wife Maria Anna in 1844, and allowed his sons to actively pursue an independent musical career. He died from scarlet fever on September 25, 1849, in Vienna, and was laid to rest in Zentralfriedhof in Vienna, Ausria.- Music Department
- Writer
- Composer
Mikhail Glinka, the author of the first Russian Opera who suffered from abuse in his early childhood and barely survived the Napoleon's invasion of 1812, had lived most of his adult life outside of Russia and fused Spanish, Italian, French, and other influences in his own music.
He was born Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka on June 1, 1804 into a wealthy noble family, in Novospasskoe, Smolensk region, Russia. His early childhood development was disturbed by his emotionally unstable grandmother, who was manipulating his parents, until she died, when Glinka was 6 years old. In 1812 the invasion of Napoleon's Armies shook Russia, but the Glinka family and their estate survived. His loving mother hired help to mitigate the traumatizing memories.
Music was the best therapy for Glinka. He had a professional German teacher of music and a French instructor in languages living with the family and giving him lessons everyday. Glinka enjoyed the performances of a hired orchestra in their home. He wrote that orchestral music was a "special and happy impression". At age 12 he went to the Boarding School for Nobility in St. Petersburg. He took piano, violin, and voice lessons from the Italian, German, and Austrian celebrities of that time. His first love with a singer inspired him on writing his first compositions: Waltz for piano and Variations on the theme of Mozart for piano.
Glinka wrote most of his music while in Western Europe, where he lived and wandered for 23 years, absorbing the culture of the most artistically advanced European nations. He studied composition with Siegfrid Dehn in Berlin for 3 years and lived in Rome for 4 years. There he met Hector Berlioz and Giacomo Meyerbeer and the three composers remained good friends for many years. Glinka received critical acclaim from Hector Berlioz, who published an article about him in Paris. Such a publicity was well received and Glinka later promoted Hector Berlioz to the Russian Royalty and aristocracy, and helped him to sign and to accomplish a lucrative concert tour in Russia.
Glinka was inspired by the operas of Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, and Christoph Willibald Gluck. In 1845 he moved to Spain for 3 years and seriously studied Spanish culture, falling in love with flamenco. "Spain could cure the wounds of my heart", wrote Glinka to his mother. There he wrote two symphonic "Spanish Ouvertures". His music was performed in European capitals and was praised by Hector Berlioz. Such composers as Felix Mendelssohn and Giacomo Meyerbeer came to meet Glinka after his concerts. His personal favorites were Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt, and Frédéric Chopin.
"A Life for the Tsar" (the feat of Ivan Susanin), became the first Russian opera, based on eclectic mix of music from Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish folk-tunes and other European influences. Premiered in 1836 in the presence of the Tsar, the opera became a model for some Russian composers. From 1837-1839 Glinka was the Emperor's Kapellmeister of the Imperial Choral Capella in St. Petersburg. In 1840 he again left Russia for Europe. He worked for six years writing his second opera "Ruslan and Ludmila", based on the eponymous poem of Alexander Pushkin. His other compositions include the orchestral "Kamarinskaya", quartets, piano pieces, choral and church works, and over 80 romantic songs.
During the 1850s Mikhail Glinka was at the peak of his popularity outside of Russia. From 1852-1855 he lived in Paris and Berlin and also performed his music in other European capitals. In December of 1856 Glinka had a gala-concert of his music performed in Berlin. It was a great success, and excited Glinka gave an all-night party for his friends and guests. He was exhausted after a long party and caught a cold that led to his death on February 15, 1857, in Berlin. Mikhail Glinka was buried in Berlin, but a few months later his body was taken to St. Petersburg and was laid to rest in Necropolis of the Masters of Arts at St. Aleksandr Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg, Russia.- Writer
- Soundtrack
Eduard Mörike was born on 8 September 1804 in Ludwigsburg, Duchy of Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. He was a writer, known for Eine kleine Nachtmusik (1939), Prosit 1957 (1957) and Erinna an Sappho (2013). He was married to Margarethe von Speeth. He died on 4 June 1875 in Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg [now Baden-Württemberg], Germany.- Eugène Sue was born on 26 January 1804 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Les mystères de Paris (1943), Les mystères de Paris (1962) and Mysteries of Paris (1912). He died on 3 August 1857 in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France.
- Allan Kardec was born on 3 October 1804 in Lyon, France. Allan was a writer, known for O Espiritismo, de Kardec aos Dias de Hoje (1995). Allan was married to Amélie Gabrielle Boudet. Allan died on 31 March 1869 in Villa Ségur, Bordeaux, France.
- Writer
- Music Department
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Johan Ludvig Runeberg was born on 5 February 1804 in Pietarsaari, Finland. Johan Ludvig was a writer, known for Nyordning på Sjögårda (1944), Vänrikki Stoolin tarinat (1939) and Walpurgis Night (1935). Johan Ludvig was married to Fredrika Runeberg. Johan Ludvig died on 6 May 1877 in Porvoo, Finland.- Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, DL, JP, FRS was a British statesman and Conservative politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or "Tory democracy". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the British Empire, and military action to expand it, both of which were popular among British voters. He is the only British prime minister to have been of Jewish origin. He was also a novelist, publishing works of fiction even as prime minister.
- Francesco Guerrazzi was born on 12 August 1804 in Livorno, Kingdom of Etruria [now Tuscany, Italy]. Francesco was a writer, known for L'assedio di Firenze (1975). Francesco died on 23 September 1873 in Cecina, Tuscany, Italy.
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Carl Haffner was born on 8 November 1804 in Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany. He was a writer, known for Die Fledermaus (1931), Die Fledermaus (1937) and Die Fledermaus (1946). He died on 29 February 1876 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.- Composer
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Louise Farrenc was born on 31 May 1804 in Paris, France. Louise was a composer, known for Symfonia haraktiron (1999) and Bertrand Chamayou und das Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France spielen Beethovens Klavierkonzert Nr. 5 (2018). Louise died on 15 September 1875 in Paris, France.- Franz Hanfstaengl was born on 1 March 1804 in Baiernrain, Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire [now Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Bavaria, Germany]. He was married to Franziska Wegmaier. He died on 18 April 1877 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Julius Benedict was born on 27 November 1804 in Stuttgart, Electorate of Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. He was a writer, known for Lily of Killarney (1927), Sten Stensson Stéen från Eslöv på nya äventyr (1932) and 100 dragspel och en flicka (1946). He died on 5 June 1885 in London, England, UK.