This film is set at a very specific date, after the murder of the Leningrad Soviet boss Kirov in 1934, just before the first Soviet purges. There had already been disasters- the great artificial famine in the Ukraine which is alluded to- but this was the last time when Soviet officials could still have clean consciences and clean hands and do their duty. At one point in this film there is a scene of a cock and a fox in a cage together,learning to befriend one another, the child in charge says. Later we learn that the fox ate the cock, but "The experiment goes on." That phrase expands from the one casual scene until it dominates the film.
There are two aspects to the film. There are plots- Ivan Lapshin's hunt for the murderous Soloviev criminal gang and his wooing of an actress- but the most important aspect of the film is the portrait of provincial Soviet life at that moment, seen in the memory of a a man who was a small boy in the overcrowded communal apartment he and his father shared with Lapshin and others. We see the overcrowding, the way people are pushed together, the obsession with food and rations, with getting illegal firewood. We see the other people in the apartment and are casually shown the way people actually live as against the propaganda they are told and believe. We see Lapshin suffering from shell-shock from the revolution and realise that the murderousness that was there then still exists. We see the contrast between rhetoric and reality- the actress meets a prostitute, to learn for a part in a propaganda play about reforming criminals. Later we see part of the badly-acted play and incidentally learn the prostitute has been sent to hard labour. Lapshin and his men search a tenement for the criminals and we cannot tell criminals from the others- displaced peasants fleeing the famine, just as hostile to and scared of authority- there. When Lapshin finally captures Soloviev- unarmed and wounded- he coolly shoots him dead and we realise what he and those like him could do in the future.
There are two aspects to the film. There are plots- Ivan Lapshin's hunt for the murderous Soloviev criminal gang and his wooing of an actress- but the most important aspect of the film is the portrait of provincial Soviet life at that moment, seen in the memory of a a man who was a small boy in the overcrowded communal apartment he and his father shared with Lapshin and others. We see the overcrowding, the way people are pushed together, the obsession with food and rations, with getting illegal firewood. We see the other people in the apartment and are casually shown the way people actually live as against the propaganda they are told and believe. We see Lapshin suffering from shell-shock from the revolution and realise that the murderousness that was there then still exists. We see the contrast between rhetoric and reality- the actress meets a prostitute, to learn for a part in a propaganda play about reforming criminals. Later we see part of the badly-acted play and incidentally learn the prostitute has been sent to hard labour. Lapshin and his men search a tenement for the criminals and we cannot tell criminals from the others- displaced peasants fleeing the famine, just as hostile to and scared of authority- there. When Lapshin finally captures Soloviev- unarmed and wounded- he coolly shoots him dead and we realise what he and those like him could do in the future.