The judge in the episode, George M. Tyler, was named after Mary Tyler Moore's father.
It's mentioned in this episode that Rob's middle name is Simpson.
Buddy, when he senses someone is in trouble (like Rob, when Laura gets a call from Marla Hendricks) , sings, "Doodley-doodley dooo-do-doo!". It is a theme from Franz Schubert's "Erlkönig" (The Elf King). The lyrics are taken from a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about a child taken from his father by the Elf King and later found dead.
The opposing attorneys in the case Rob serves as the foreman of the jury for are named Mason and Berger, a reference to the contemporary Perry Mason TV show on which defense attorney Perry Mason was opposed each week by District Attorney Hamilton Burger.
Ted Lewis was a singer who helped make the song "Me and My Shadow" famous. He's mentioned by the cabby, along with Lewis' catchphrase, "Is everybody happy?", because Rob insists there's a "shadow of a doubt".