Highway police in Colombia do not make checkpoints in conflict zones, that is a function of the army and the police do not have a 50 caliber, they also do not attack members of agencies such as the DEA and it is likely that Carmen Lucia has hired armed groups disguised as policemen.
The cargo plane, owned by a Mexican company, taking Steve from Panama to Mexico City, has a US aircraft registration (N-reg).
When Steve arrives back in the U.S., it is indicated he is at Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling in Washington, D.C. There are two large, four-engine military transport aircraft and a large hanger present. However, that base has no fixed-wing aircraft facilities, only helipads for rotary wing aircraft. Joint Base Andrews would have been a more likely location.
Paramillo Natural Park is not located in the border area with Panama, in reality Mcgarrett is in the Bananera zone of Uraba - Antioquia, heading to the port of Turbo.