In a handful of instances throughout the Old West, people survived being scalped and went on to live full lives. In at least one instance, a surgeon was able to reattach the severed scalp to the victim's head.
Tokala Black Elk (Lakota tribe leader) also played "Sam Stands Alone" in the first season of Yellowstone. He also appeared in another Taylor Sheridan production, the film Wind River.
While a common treatment for the time, neither applying a tourniquet nor attempting to suck out the venom is proper treatment for a snakebite. Ammonia was a common treatment for the period and had anecdotal success, though this practice has not survived modern peer review. Some herbal Native American cures, such as plantain leaf, also seem to be successful (Of course, the best treatment now is to get to a hospital).
Scalping was not a uniquely "American Indian" technique of obtaining a trophy or proof of the killing of an enemy. Many other cultures made a practice of it, from Medieval Europe and England to pre-Colombian North America, from China circa 3000 BC to ancient Sweden, where there is evidence of a man found in a grave in the Alvastra pile-dwelling who had been scalped approximately 5,000 years ago. Whether this technique was adapted from one culture to another is unclear, but as to ancient times, they developed independently in various cultures across the globe.
The Wyoming Stock Growers Association, or WSGA, at the time was a confederation of large Wyoming cattle ranchers and was responsible for vigilante killings of purported rustlers which eventually culminated in the Johnson County War. The "deputies" are more properly known as "stock detectives" were effectively hired gunmen that acted as enforcers for their employer. The WSGA is still an active organization. Stock detectives are still active in many western states, including Wyoming, as sanctioned law enforcement officers.