Kessen no ôzora e (1943) Poster

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5/10
Everyone Succeeds
boblipton17 September 2020
A class of Japanese sailors are trained to become combat pilots. During their first break, they stop at the nearby home of one of their number, and sister Setsuko Hara and younger brother Masaru Kodaka are inspired to the national cause: she runs a kindergarten on the base for the permanent staff's children, and he tries out to become a cadet.

Looking at it, it looks like a pure propaganda film: everyone is enthusiastic, everyone works hard, everyone succeeds. In an American film, of course, there would be one guy who doesn't get it at the beginning, and his plot arc would be to get it at the end. Several of the recruits would wash out, and yet realize there are other ways to serve; and, of course, comic relief by Abbott & Costello and the Andrews sisters.

That doesn't mean this was not carefully planned as entertainment. It's a difference in the national character. Americans view themselves as individuals fitting into the war machine that America became during the Second World War. The Japanese clearly viewed themselves differently.

It's directed by Kunio Watanabe. I don't believe I've seen anything else by him, but he's clearly a very competent director; in a career that stretched from 1929 to 1970, he directed 128 features. He died in 1981, age 82.
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6/10
Imperial Japan as Family State
freddyschmitz31 March 2021
Warning: Spoilers
"Bow to the Imperial Palace Imperial Regulations!

First, loyalty is the Sailor's Main duty!

Second, the sailor behaves himself!

Third, the sailor strives for valor!

Fourth, the sailor maintains Fairness!

Fifth, the sailor lives simply!"

Blatant propaganda that preaches unity in duty carried out in total devotion to japan and the Tenno. Sacrifice is stressed. Role model citizens and virtuous soldiers work hand in hand to ensure japanese dominion over asia. The film features a group of young cadets of the Imperial Japanese Navy and their deep bond to the paradigm of the japanese family whose oldest son died for the emperor. The japanese people are but one big family with the Tenno at its head thus the biological father is notably absent. Ever beautiful Setsuko Hara who came to prominence by starring in the (first?) german/japanese co-production "Die Tochter des Samurai" (1937) portrays the daughter.

War is always looming under the serene veil of wholesome military-family interaction, comraderie and serious training sessions on the field and in class. In a particular scene all the cadets are using morse code in unison during communication class emphasising the content of a memorable speech in honor of the fallen in which the individual is proclaimed to have merged with the totality of traditional japanese society through transcendental action:

"It is sad when graduates die.

But a pilot may only have one battle. It's all or nothing. All your energy has to be put into one decisive Blow. There is no life and no death, no pain, no youth and no self. When you are focused on the edge of your sword pain ceases to exist. When you become sailors your body stops belonging to you and the "you" does not exist anymore. One who is ready to die for Japan shows his utmost vigor and fighting spirit.

In order to win a battle you need all your fighring spirit and all your vitality.

You need to forget everything and sacrifice yourself for your goal."

The well-mannered sailors, reminiscend of the similiar german trope of the brave but homely soldier, are accompanied by the family doing their part. The daughter fulfills her obligation to the war effort by quitting her studies and becoming a kindergartner. The mother entertains the soldiers when they are on leave. Her oldest son has already fulfilled his duty when he sacrificied himself in a kamikaze attack ("If one does something great it's okay to die young") while the surviving brother is a sickly kid who dedicates himself to overcome his physical leeway by training twice as hard.

"Toward the Decisive Battle in the Sky" ends with the sailors getting send to the front, marching off being cheered on by proud citizens and the weakest but striving young offspring of the family tree asks: "Mom? We'll have new brothers soon?
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